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A SYLLABUS 



— OF- 



Apostolic History. 



B. S. DEAN, A. M., 

Professor of History in Hiram College. 



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GARRETTSVILLE. OHIO. 

THE PEIRCE PRINTING COMPANY. 

1895. 






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Copyright, 1895, by B. S. Dean. 



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Introduction 



I. SOURCES. 

1. Book of Acts — a continuation and completion of the 
Gospel narrative from Christ's ascension. 

2. Twenty-One Epistles. The first fourteen, with the 

* 
possible exception of Hebrews, by Paul, mostly written in the 

later period covered by Acts, and fitting into its history. 

3. The Apocalypse ok Revelation of John. 

4. Extra-Biblical Traditions. 

II. RELATIONS TO GOSPEL HISTORY 
The "Gospels" contain Christianity in the germ — the funda- 
mental facts concerning Christ: his incarnation, earthly life, 
words, works, death, resurrection and ascension. But it is only 
in the germ. Without Acts and the Epistles we should be in 
the dark as to the actual reign of Christ. Jesus left much to the 

4 



direction of the apostles under the progressive inspiration of the 
Holy Spirit; cf. Jno. 14:26; 16:12-14; Acts 2:4; 10:28; yet 
Christ, not the apostles, the real actor. He the principal, they, 
only agents. In the first four books of the New Testament, the 
"beginning of the gospel" (Mark i:i); in Acts, the gospel con- 
tinued and completed. In the "gospels'" John, Jesus, the twelve, 
the severity, preach a "kingdom at hand;" in Acts Christ reigns 
and men enter his kingdom. In the gospels the apostles do not 
preach the Christhood, death, resurrection of Jesus, nor forgive- 
ness in his name; in Acts they preach Christ in all lands in the 
fullness of his redemptive power. The apostles themselves did 
not, at first, grasp the full import of their world-wide commission. 
Hence, Jesus' directions in Luke 24:49. As the New Testament 
is the key and the completion of the Old, so the book of Acts is 
the key and the completion of the "gospels." 



The Book of Acts. 



INTRODUCTION. 



I. THE TITLE. 

Not part of original book. "The Acts of the Apostles" 
misleading. How many Apostles named in 1:13? How many 
appear later in Acts? Where does each drop out? cf. 8:14, 25; 
1 5:7, 14. Truer title "Acts of Apostles." So manuscript B- 
Sinaitic manuscript has "Acts." 

II. AUTHOR. 

1. Wrote a Former Treatise; cf. i;i; Luke 1:1-4. 

2. Common Authorship. (i) Fifty words, many 
medic il terms, common to both, not found elsewhere in N. T. 
(1) Similar details and order in 1:1-9 and Luke 24:28-51. 

3. Author a Companion of Paul; see "we" passages, 
61:10-18; 20:5, 6, I 3~ I 5; 21:1-18; 27:1; 28:16, etc. 

8 






4- Distinguished from Timothy and Other Compan- 
ions, 20; 4, $. 

5. Early Uniform Tradition Ascribes Both Books 
to Luke. On his race and occupation see Col. 4:10-14. His 
long association with Paul, especially the four years at Caesarea 
and Rome would fit him for the task. "Father of church 
history." 

III. DESIGN. 

1. Trace Fulfilment of Last Commission, cf. Matt. 
28:19; Mark 16:15; Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8. (1) Beginning at 
Jerusalem, center of Jewish world. (2) Extending to 
Samar-kans, half-way-house. (3) Transition to Gentiles 
through Peter. (4) Extension to Gentile centers through 
Paul to Rome, center of the world. The last occupies more 
than half the book. See Pulpit Com. and McGarvey, Acts, Int. 

2. Book of Conversions: See chaps. 2, % 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 
16, etc., etc. 

3. "Gospel of Holy Spirit." Gospels relate personal 
ministry of Christ to ascension; Acts relate continuance of work 
under administration of Holy Spirit. 

10 



IV. CHRONOLOGY. 

1. Two Undoubted Dates, (i) A. D. 44, Martyrdom of 
James and death of Herod, Acts 12; Josephus, Ant. XIX. 4:4. 
cf. V. 1; VIII. 2. (2) A. D. 60, Accession of Festus; Acts 25: 1; 

Jos. Ant. XX. 8:9-11. 

2. Diversity of Opinions on Other Dates. Follow- 
ing summary shows great diversity within narrow limits. 



12 





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V. GENERAL ANALYSIS. 

Part First. — Founding of the church in Jerusalem; I -II. 
A. D. 30. 

Part Second. — Growth of the Church in Jerusalem; 
III-VII. A. D. 30-35. 

Part Third. — Extension of the Gospel throughout Judea 
and Samaria and Transition to the Gentiles; VIII-XII. A. D. 

35-45- 

Part Fourth. — Extension of the Gospel throughout the 
Gentile World through the labors of Paul; XIII-XXVIII. A. D. 
45-63. 



Part First. 



FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH IN JERUSALEH; I-II. 
A. D. 30. 



I. PRELIMINARY MATTERS; Li-26. 
1. Introduction, 1-3. Theophilus, 1; cf. Luke i:i. What 
'commandment?" 2; cf. Matt. 28:19, 20; Mark 16:15-18; Luke 

16 



24:44-49; John 20:19-23. "Through the Holy Ghost," 2; cf. Is. 
61 :i; Luke 4:18; ch. 10:38; Luke 3:22; 4:1. 

2. The Forty Days, 4-3. Note the beginning place, 4; 
cf. Luke 24:49; Is. 2:3; Micah 4:2. What the "promise of the 
Father?" 4; cf. 5; Luke 3:16; 24:49; John 7:39; 14:16, 17. Why 
"restore the kingdom?" 6; cf. Matt. 3:12; 4:17; 13:24, etc.; 16:- 
19; 19:28; 20:21 ; Luke 24:21. Why geographical order of 8? 

3. The Ascension, 9-1 i. cf. Mark 16:19; Luke 24:41. 
Note points peculiar to each. 

4. The Eight Days of Waiting, 12-26. 

a. Return to Jerusalem; Why? cf. 12; Luke 24:49; v. 8. 
Distance of Olivet from Jerusalem? cf. 12; John 11:18. 

b. The company of Disciples. 

(1) The Apostles: compare the four lists. 



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(2) The women; name them, 14; cf. Luke 23:49, 55; 24:- 
10; Mark 16: 1. Where Mary next named? 

(3) His brethren; who? cf. Matt. 13:55; ch. 4:36, 37; Gal. 
1:19. What change in them? cf. John 7:3-5. 

(4) The 120, 15; cf. 1 Cor. 15:6. 

c. Expectant prayer, 14; where? 13; cf. Luke 24:53; ch. 
2:1, 2. 

d. Choice of Matthias, 15-26; cf. 18,19; Matt. 27:38 as to (i) 
Manner of Judas' death, (2) Who bought the field, (3) origin 
of "Akeldama." Why only two put forward for apostleship? 
On qualifications of apostle cf. 1:8, 22; 26:16; 1 Cor. 9:1. Are 
those qualifications perpetual? On use of lot cf. Lev. 16:8; Josh- 
7:14, 18; 18:10; Prov. 16:33. 

II. DESCENT OE THE SPIRIT, IL1-13. 

1. Pentecost. What three O. T. names? cf. 1; Ex. 34:22; 
Lev. 23:15-17; Num. 28:26. What day of week? Lev. 23:15, 16. 

2. Effect on Disciples, 2-4. What three manifestations? 
Why called a "baptism in spirit"? cf. 4; 1:5; Matt. 3:11, etc. 
See also 10:44-46; 1 1 : 16. 

3. Effect on Multitude? 5-13. How many lands repre- 



seated, and how account for so many? What the uppermost 
feeling? Why the charge of drunkenness? 

III. THE SERMON OF PETER, 14-40. 
I. Introduction. 14-21. 

1. Defence against Mockers: "third hour." 

2. Explanation: fulfilment of Joel, 2:28-32. 

II Theme— Jesus of Nazareth, 22. 

III. Proposition: Jesus is Lord and Christ, 36. 

IV. Proofs, 22-35. 

1. Jesus' Works, 22. 

(1) Seals of God's approval. (2) Well known to them. 

2. Jesus' Death, 23. 

(1) A plan of God. (2) Executed by wicked men. 

3. Jesus' Resurrection, 24-32. 
(1) The Christ to rise according to prophets. (2) Jesus 
dfrV/rise; twelve witnesses. 

4. Jesus' Exaltation, 33-35. Proved by 
(1) Miracle of tongues. ( 2) Prophecy of David. 
Carry out each argam^nt as Peter would likely do. Why 
reserve main proposition to the end? 

24 



IV. THE RESULTS, 37-41. 

1. A Pungent Conviction, 37a. What the agent and 
instrument? cf. John 16:7-11; Eph. 6:17. 

2. A Practical Question, 37b. 

3. A Plain Answer, 38, 49. What meant by "gift of 
Holy Spirit"? John 7:39; ch. 5:32; Gat 4:6. How does God 
call? 39, cf. John 6:44, 45; 1 Pet. 5:10. How many duties? 
Why faith omitted? How many promises? 

4. An Earnest Exhortation, 40. How save them- 
selves? How save from that generation? 

5. Instant Obedience, 41. How many? Were all bap- 
tized? cf. 38. What facilities for baptizing? See McGarvey, 
Lands of the Bible 189-201. 

6. Steadfast Continuance, 42-47. What four items? 
Explain each. Was the community of goods permanent or 
compulsory? 45; cf. 5:4. Was the growth of the church 
spasmodic? 47. 

Note. — (1) New guides — apostles-of Christ. (2) New 
ordinances — baptism and Lord's supper. (3) New spirit of 
brotherhood, 

26 



The first Christian Pentecost an isthmus; on one hand the 
stormy Atlantic of Judaism and the Law; on the other, the 
peaceful Pacific o£ the Gospel of Jesus Christ. 



Excursus on the Mission of the Holy Spirit. 

INTRODUCTION. 

i. We make too little of the Mission and Power of 
the Holy Spirit. Much of the Father and his love; of the 
Son and his words and work; far too little of Spirit. True, (i) 
does not speak of himself (John 16:13, 14), yet (2) a large fact 
and factor in gospel success. 

2. This is pre-eminently the 'Dispensation of the 
Spirit. 

a. Appears rarely and at long intervals in O. T. 

b. Yet not tvholly wanting, cf. Gen. 1:2:6:3; Ex. 31:3; I Sam. 
10:10; 16:13; Ps. 5 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 Pet. -i-.ii. 

c. Prophetic glimpses of a coming spiritual illumination, Is. 61 :1 ; 
Joel 2;28, 

28 




d. Jesus the embodiment of the divine spirit, Luke 1:35; Matt. 
3:16, 17; Acts 10:38; John 3:34. 

e. As marking the climax of spiritual development, Jesus was to- 
baptize in the Holy Spirit. ( 1 ) John's prediction, Matt. 3:11; 
Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16; John 1:33. (2) Jesus' own testimony, 
John 7-37-39; I4:i5;i7; r 5:26; 167-15; Acts 1:4-5. (3) His 
last commission, Luke 24:49; Acts 1:8; Matt. 28:19. 

L MISSION TO THE CHURCH. 
1. Mode of Communication. 

a. Immediate: (1) At Pentecost, Acts 2:1-4. (2) At 
house of Cornelius, Acts 10:44-46. (3) The two cases classed 
together, Acts 11:15. (4) Identified as the baptism of the 
Holy Spirit, Acts 11:16. (5) Marked by supernatural endow- 
ments. 

b. Through laying on of Apostle's hands; (1) Case of 
Samaritans, Acts 8:14-18; (2) Case of twelve disciples at 
Ephesus, Acts 19:6; (3) Both marked by supernatural 
powers. 

Both the above modes may be classed as extraordinary, 
c. Ordinary, at baptism, Acts 2:38. (1) Spirit itself given, 

80 






John 7:39; Acts 5: 32. (2) Universal to Christians, Rom. 8:9; 
Gal. 4:6. (3) No evidence that it was accompanied with 
miracle working power. 

2. Office, (i) To supernaturally illuminate, John 14:- 
26; 16:13-15; Acts 2:38. (2) Confer supernatural power, Luke 
24:49; Acts 1:8; 1 Cor. 12:7-10. (3) Comfort, John 14:15-18. 
(4) Intensify our love, Rom. 5. (5) Help our prayers, Rom. 
8:26, 27. 

3. The Transient and the Permanent. 

a. The Spirit's presence to be permanent. Its manifestations 
variable; some passed away with the Apostolic age. 

b. Miraculous endowments to cease, 1 Cor. 13:8; cf. Ch. 12. 

c. Moral and spiritual effects to abide \ Gal. 5:22, 23; cf. I Cor. 
13:13. These effects outlived the miracle working power. They 
were always paramount. The accidental is transient; the essen- 
tial never dies. Character and the forces that create it are the 
essentials. Hence, 

d. The prevalent term for the Spirit. ( 1 ) Various terms as 
"Spirit of adoption," "of counsel," "of wisdom," "of truth," etc. 
(2) Holy Spirit or Ghost ninety times; as often as all others, 



pointing to its effect on character. Its greatest triumph on 
Pentecost, the transforming influence on character of apostles. 
See Richardson, Office of Holy Spirit pp. 180, 181. 
II. MISSION TO THE WORLD, 
i. Mode of Working. 

a. Indirect, "World can not receive," John 14:17; 7:39. 

b. Mediate; (1) Through the disciples, the church, John 
16:7, 8; cf, Jesus' prayer, John 17:9, 20, 21. (2) By the word 
of truth or gospel, 2:37; J as - 1 : 1 8 ; 1 Pet. 1:23. 

2. Office: Convict world of (1) Its own sin, John 
16:7-11. (2) Jesus' righteousness, Ibid. (3) Coming judg- 
ment, Ibid. 

III. CONTRASTS BETWEEN OLD AND NEW TESTA- 
MENT GIFT OF SPIRIT. 

1. In Old, Official rather than Personal; Related 
more to Office than Character. (i) Case of Judges, 
Judg. 3:10; 6:34; 11:29; 13:25. (2) Kings, 1 Sam. 10:10; 16:13. 
(3) Prophets, Num. 11:25-29; 2 Pet. i:2i. 

2. In N. T. belongs solely and universally to the 
Regenerate, Gal. 4:6; John 14:17. No room for Baalams, 

84 



Sauls or Caiaphases. It was before Pentecost that Judas 
betrayed and Peter denied. 

3. Unity of New Dispensation a Unity of Spirit. 
Ancient Israel a unity; common ancestry, language, etc. Christ's 
Israel united to God and each other by one spirit, I Cor. 12:13. 



Part Second. 



GROWTH OF THE CHURCH IN JERUSALEM: III-VIII 
A. D. 30=35- 



I. FIRST JEWISH PERSECUTION: III-IV. 

1. The Lame Man Healed, 3:1-11. What the hours of 
prayer? Why "look on us?" 4. Significance of "in the name?" 
6; cf. 12, 16; 47, 10, 12. 

2. Peter's Second Sermon, 12-26. (1) Introduction: 
the miracle explained, 12-16. Purpose in 12? Why "God of 
Abraham?" Note series of stinging contrasts in 13-15. Whose 
faith in 16? cf. John 16:23, 24; Mark 16:17, 18. (2) Salvation 
offered, 17-26. Purpose in 17-18? How turn? 19; cf. 2:38. 
Parallel points in 2:38; 3:19. What the restoration of all 
things? 21. How does God bless men? 26. 

3. Arrest and Defence of Peter and John, 4:1-22. 

a. Arrest, 1-4. What sect headed this persecution? I; cf. 
5, 6; 5:17. What the ground of hostility? 2; cf. 23:8; Luke 20:27. 
How many converts? 4. 

38 



b. The examination, 6-J . On Annas see Jos. Ant. xx. 9:1. 

c. Peters defence, 8-12. Note ([) skillful introduction; 
"good deed;" (2) bold avowal in 10; (3) he arraigns them, 11; 
(4) preaches to them 12. 

d. Private consultation, 1 3-1 7. What ground for astonish- 
ment? 13. Why the consultation? 14, 16, 17. 

e. The prohibition and answer, 18-22. What limitation to law 
of obedience to rulers? 19; cf. Rom. 13:1-7; ch. 5:29. 

4. Report of the Two and Prayer of the Twelve^ 
23-31. Why the prayer? 23, 24. For what did they pray? 29, 
30. How answered? 31. 

5. Unity and Liberality of the Disciples, 32-37. 
What prayer fulfilled in 32? cf. John 17:21. What the source of 
the power in 33? Why Barnabas singled out? 36, 37. 

III. DANGER FROM WITHIN, V/.1-16. 

1. Sin of Ananias and Sapphira, 1-2. Why the adver- 
sative conjunction? 1. What their sin? 

2. The Detection, 3-4. How did Peter know? see 2 
Kin. 5:25, 26. Why a lie to the Holy Spirit? On reference to 
Satan in 3 cf. John 8:44; 13:26, 2J; 1 Chron. 21:1. 

40 



3. The Judgment, 5-10. Why the seventy? cf. Matt. 
2 3- I 3-39; c h 13:8-11. Whose act was it? Why no lamentations? 
See Lev. 10:6. Note, the first death of an apostle that of traitor 
and suicide; of disciples after Pentecost, covetous hypocrites. 
Monument against insincerity in the church. 

4. The Effect of Wholesome Discipline, 11-16. What 
on the church? 11 On the work? 14. 

III. SECOND JEWISH PERSECUTION, VH7-42. 

1. Second Imprisonment of Apostles, 17-18. Who was 
high priest? 17; cf. 4:6. What sect active this time? What 
new cause of indignation? 4:18; cf. 5:28. How many apostles 
imprisoned? 

2. Release and Renewed Activity of the Apostles, 
19, 2 1 a. How and why released? 

3. Second Arraignment before the Sanhedrim, 21D-28. 
What danger to the rulers? 26; cf. 2:47. 

4. Peter's Second Defence, 29:32. What points parallel 
to first defence? See 4:8-12. Why could not the apostles keep 
silence? 29; cf. 32:1-8; Matt. 28:19; ch. 26:16, 19; 1 Cor. 9:16. 
How was the Spirit a witness? 32, cf. 2,4; 4:29-31; Luke 12: 12; 

42 



I Pet. 1:12; Mark 16:20. 

5. Gamaliel Counsels Moderation, 33-39. What the 
spirit of the council? 33. Who was Gamaliel? 34; cf. 22:3. Who 
Theudas a»d Judas? See Jos., Ant. xx. 5:1; xvii. 10:5. 
Pulpit Com. in loco\ Smith's Bible Diet., etc. On Gamaliel's 
counsel, comp. Lowell — 

"Truth forever on the scaffold, etc. 

6. The Apostles Beaten and Released, 40-42. What 
the effect? 

IV. THE FIRST DIVISION OF LABOR, VL1-7. 

1. Complaint of the Hellenists, i. Distinction between 
Hellenists and Hebrews? Were the widows a religious order? 6; 
cf. 9:41; 1 Tim. 5:3, 9, 10, 11, 16. 

2. The Remedy; Appointment of the Seven, 2-6. 
What meant by serving tables? In what order did the church 
organization develop? What the function of congregation and 
of apostles in appointment of new officers? What the signifi- 
cance of laying on of hands? 6; cf. 13:3; 8:17-19; 19:6; 1 Tim. 
5:22; Num. 27:22, 23. What significance in names of the seven? 
What their character? 

H 



3. The Result; Increased Labors and Fruits, 7. Why 
mention the priests? • 

V. THE FIRST CHRISTIAN MARTYR, VI :8-VII:6o. 

1. Stephen's Ministry, 6:8-10. Was it confined to the 
work to which he was appointed? 8;. cf. 10; 1:8; Luke 24:49; 
1 Cor. 2:4, 5; Rom. 1:16. What class opposed him? How 
many synagogues mentioned? 9; cf. Myer and Pul. Com. in loco 
Cony. & How. i:66, 67. Did Paul dispute with Stephen? 9; cf. 
21:39. 

2. Stephen's Arraignment, 11-15. Was the prosecution 
honest? 11, 13. What measure of truth in the charges? 14- 
cf. case of Jesus, Matt. 26:61; John 2:19. 

3. Stephen's Defence, 7:1-56. 

a. Introduction: their national origin, 1-8.' What Stephen's 
purpose in this section? At what place did the call come to 
Abraham? 2; cf. Gen. I2:i; 11:31. How old was Abraham when 
he entered Canaan? 4; cf. Gen. 11:26, 32; 12:4. 

b. A scries of Saviors rejected, then accepted, 9-4 1. 

(1) Joseph, 9-16. How many went down to Egypt? 14; 
cf. Gen. 46:26-27. See Septuagint, of Gen. 46:20. Where was 

46 



Jacob buried? 1 5, 16; cf. Gen. 50:13. Did Abraham buy 
Shechem? 16; cf. Gen. 23:16-18; 33:18-20. Who was buried at 
Shechem? 16; cf. Josh.. 24:32. 

(2) Moses in Egypt, 17-36. Where did Stephen learn of 
Moses' education? Josephus Ant. ii. 9, 10. 

(3) Moses in the wilderness, 37-41. Who was the prophet? 
37; cf. Deut. 18:15, 18, 19; ch. 3:22-26. 

c. Israel's rejection by God, 42, 43. Is the reference to 
earlier or later idolatries or both? 

d. The sanctuaries, 44-50. Stephen's purpose in referring to 
them, 48, 49; cf. Is. 66: 1; John 4:21-25. 

e. The application, 51-53. Had they seen the drift of his 
speech? Had loaded his guns and fired them off at once. How 
had they resisted the Holy Spirit? 51; cf. 52. 

4. Stephen's Death, 54-60. Was his death legal? Pur- 
pose of the vision ? What connection had witnesses with an 
execution? 58; cf. Deut. 17:7. What Saul's connection with 
the case? 58; cf. ch. 22:20. What Stephen's spirit? 60. His 
death must have deeply impressed Saul. St. Augustine wrote: 
"Si Stephanus non orasset Ecclesia Paulum non haberet." 

48 



Part Third, 



EXTENSION OF THE GOSPEL THROUGHOUT JUDEA AND 

SAMARIA AND TRANSITION TO THE GENTILES: 

VIII=XIL A. D. 35=45- 



I. THIRD JEWISH PERSECUTION, VIIlM-4. 
What the origin? I; cf. 11:19. Of what sect was the leader? 
1,3. What the effect? 1, 4. Why did the apostles remain at Jerusa- 
lem? How long since Pentecost? Had the gospel been 
preached outside Jerusalem? Who buried Stephen? 2; cf. 2:5. 
II. EXTENSION TO SAMARIA, Villus. 
1. Philip Preaches in the City of Samaria, 5-13. 
Did other scattered disciples preach? cf. 4. Are the labors of 
any others followed? cf. 1 1:19-21. What Philip was this? 5; cf. 
1:13; 8:1; 6:5; 2I -8- Who were the Samaritans? 2 Ki. 17:24-32. 
Was there Jewish blood in them? cf. 2 Chron. 30:1, 6, 7; 34:6; 
35:17, 18; Jer. 41:5-8; John 4:12. What the order of the commis- 

50 



sion? i:8. Why the Pentecostal features of Philip's work? 6-8, 
12, 17. What previous ministry in Samaria? John, ch. 4. 

2. Mission of Peter and John to Samaria, 14-17. 
Object of the visit? cf. ii:22. What gift of Spirit? Why did 
not Philip bestow it? 

3. Sin of Simon, 18-24. What connection with his 
previous practices? What "matter" in 21? What conditions of 
pardon to baptized believer? 22. 

4. Other Labors and Return of Peter and John, 25. 
Where did they preach ? Were they called in question at 
Jerusalem for receiving Samaritans? cf. 11:1-3. Why not? 

III. CONVERSION OF AN ETHIOPIAN OFFICER: 

[PRIVATE TRANSITION TO THE GENTILES?] 

VIII:26-40. 

1. Philip Sent to South-West Palestine, 26. Meaning 
of desert ? Why specified ? 

2. Meets an Ethiopian Officer, 27-29. Where was 
Ethiopia? Of what race and religion was the officer? What 
encouragement to worship? Deut. 33:1; cf. Is. 66:1, 2. What 
supernatural agencies thus far? 

52 



3. pREACHfes Jesus to Him, 30-35. Why Philip's ques- 
tion? What the key to O. T? What is it to preach Jesus ? 

4. Baptism of the Eunuch, 36-38. What suggested 
baptism? Could it have been "sprinkle" (Is. 52:15)? Was he 
reading the Hebrew or Septuagint ? 32, 33; cf. Is. 537, 8. Sep- 
tuagint has "astonish" instead of "sprinkle" in Is. 52:15. Should 
we quote vs. 37? 

5. Parting of Philip and the Eunuch, 39-40. What 
the relation of joy to Christian assurance? 39. What other 
cities did Philip evangelize? Where does the history leave 
him? 40; cf. 21:8. 

IV. CONVERSION - 'AND EARLY LABORS OF SAUL, 
IX:i- 3 i. A. D. 35. 
For other accounts cf. 22*: 1-6; 26:9-18; Gal. 1:11-24. 

1. Saul's Mission to Damascus, i, 2. From whom? At 
whose desire? I. To whom? 2. What authority had high priest 
in Damascus? ~ 

2. His Vision and Commission from Christ, 3-9. What 
would the light suggest? 3; cf, Ex. 3:2; 40:38; 1 Tim. 6:16; ch. 
7:55- Why fall to ground? In what tongue was the voice? 2; cf. 

54 



56:14- Purpose of Jesus' appearance? 5; compare Saul's- com- 
mission as given to Ananias (9:15), through Ananias (22:14, 15), 
before Agrippa (26:16, 18), and interpreted by Saul (Gal. i:ii, 
.12, 15-17; 1 Cor. 9:i). How reconcile 7 with 22:9? Why so 
long without food ? 

3. His Baptism, 10-18. Was Ananias the only disciple in 
Damascus? 10; cf. 2, 19, 25. How was Saul's question answered? 
6; cf. 22:10, 16. What the nature of his blindness and its cure? 
How did he receive the Holy Spirit? 17, 18; cf. 2:38; 8:17. 

4. Saul's Early Labors, 19-31. 

a. First ministry in Damascus, 19-22. How have access to 
synagogues? How his mission to Damascus known? 21 ; cf. 1, 2. 
What the. burden of his preaching? 20, 22, cf. 2:36; 3:10, 12; 

8:35; 17:2,3. 

[b. Sofourn in Arabia, Gal. 1:17-] 

c. [Second ministry in Damascus, 23-25. Were the "many 
days" (23), the same as 'certain days" of 19? cf. Gal. 1 : 1 7, 18; 

1 Kings, 21:36-40. Who aided the hostile Jews? 23; cf. 

2 Cor. 1 1:32, 33. 

d. First visit to Jerusalem, 26-29. Saul's purpose iri going 

56 



to Jerusalem? How long did he stay? cf. Gal. 1 : 1 8 . Attitude 
of disciples toward him? 26; cf. 21. Who first trusted him? 
27. How explain their distrust and Barnabas' confidence? cf. 
4*-36, 37; 11:22-26. 'Original discoverer of Saul." What 
apostles did Saul meet at Jerusalem? Gal. 1 : 18, 19. Explain 
hostility of Hellenists, 29; cf. 6:9-11. Did Saul leave Jerusalem 
from tear? 29, 30; cf. 22:17-21. Why to Caesarea and Tarsus? 
Why had the churches rest? 31. Difference between "edified" 
and "multiplied?" 

V. LABORS OF PETER IN JUDEA, IX:32- 4 3. 
1. Peter at Lydda, 32-35. Were these events before or 
after Saul's visit to Jerusalem? Are all Peter's labors given? 32. 
Origin of disciples at Lydda? See 8:4, 40. What event here? 

33, 34- 

It Peter at Jofta, 36-43* What led Peter to Joppa? 
What the intention and result o'l these miracles? 35-42; cf. Mark 
1 6- 2d. 
VI. [PUBLIC?] TMNSITIDN TO THE GENTILES. 
A. THROUGH PETM, X;i-XI;i8. 
1. Preparation of Cornelius, id: 1-8. Was Cornelius a 

5$ 



pagan gentile? Was his character such as you would expect in 
a frontier soldier? How account for it? What do you know of 
N. T. centurions? cf. Matt. 8:5-10; 27:54; ch. 27:1, 3, 43; 28:16. 
What did Cornelius ask? How supplied? How is the same 
lack supplied to-day? 

2. Preparation of Peter,, 9-22.. Was apostolic inspira- 
tion completed at Pentecost? cf. John 16:13; ch. 2:4, 39; 10:15, 38. 
State all the reasons Peter had for going to Caesarea. W 7 hy the 
emphasis on Cornelius' devoutness? 22; cf. 2. 

3. Peter's Mission to the Gentile Cornelius, 23-48. 

a. Meeting of Peter and Cornelius, 23-33 Who accompanied 
Peter, and why? 23; cf. 45:11, 12. How explain Cornelius' 
homage? 25. What law forbade a Jew to enter a Gentile's 
house? 28. How make four days? 30. Who were present, and 
what their mental attitude? 33; cf. 24, 27. 

b. Peter's Sermon, 34-43. Sense of 34? cf. 35; Gal. 3:28. 
What did Cornelius know of Jesus? 37, 38. Of what was he 
ignorant? What contrasted offices in 42, 43? 

c. Double baptism of Gentiles, 44-48. What the first baptism ? 
44; cf. 11:15, 16. What evidence of it? 46. Why the astonish- 

00 



ment? 45. What the second baptism? 47, 48. Why the unusual 
order of the two ? Does baptism of Spirit make water baptism 
needless ? 47, 48. 

4. Peter's Defence of the Case, i i : 1-18. Who were 
the objectors? What ground of objection? Meaning of "the 
circumcision"? 2. State the points Peter makes to justify his 
course. What the result? How "granted repentance" to 
Gentiles? 18. 

B. THROUGH THE HELLENISTS, XI:i9-30: 

1. Wider Evangelization of Jews, 19. Connecting 
point with previous history? 19; cf. 8:4. Why the order of 
cities ? 19. 

2. Hellenists Preach to Greeks, 20, 21. What prob- 
able difference between them and Cornelius? 

3. Mission of Barnabas to Antioch? 22-24. By whom 
sent and why? 22, 23; cf. 8:14. 

4. Saul Brought to Antioch, 25, 26. By whom and 
why? Where was Sam? 25, 26; cf. 9:27. Greatest man in the 
church comes to greatest city in Asia. Starting point of wider 



work. What three new things in 26? 



Oi 



5. Mission of Barnabas and Saul to Jerusalem, 
27-30. Occasion of it? Spirit of it? Why such men chosen? 
When were elders chosen? 30. 

VII. FOURTH JEWISH PERSECUTION: XII. 

1. Martyrdom of James, the Brother of John, i, 2. 
Who this Herod? See Jos. Ant. xviii. 5, xix. 6:5-8; Hurlbut. 
Man. Bib. Geog. What prediction fulfilled? Matt. 20:20-28. 
Was the vacancy filled? 

2. Imprisonment and Release of Peter, 3-19. Why 
arrest Peter? 3. What time of year? 3, 4. What precautions 
and why? 4; cf. 5:19-22, 23. Where did Peter go? 12. For 
what were they praying? 12; cf. 5. Why "his angel?" 15; cf. 
Matt. 18: 10. Why "hold their place?" 17. What James and 
why named? 17; cf. 15:13. Why put keepers to death? 19. 

3. Pride and Death of Herod: — Return of Barnabas 
and Saul, 20-25. Relation of Palestine to Phoenicia, 20; bearing 
of 11:27, 28? What Josephus' account of Herod's death? Ant. 
xix. 8:2. WTiy did word of God grow? 24. Who was Mark? 25; 
cf. 12; 1 Pet. 5:11. 



(14 



Part Fourth 



ENTENSION OF THE GOSPEL THROUGHOUT THE GENTILE 

WORLD UNDER THE LABORS OF PAUL. 

XII.-XXVIII. A. D. 45=63. 



I. PAUL'S FIRST MISSIONARY TOUR, XIII.-XIV. 

1. Barnabas and Saul Set Apart to the Work, 13:1-3. 
What significance in order of names? 1. Difference in origin of 
this missionary movement and that from Jerusalem? 2; cf. 8:i, 4. 
When the original call? 2; cf. 9:15; 26:16-18; 6:6; 1 Tim. 4:14. 

2. Their Mission to Cyprus, 4-12, Who chose Cyprus? 
4; cf. 4:36. Importance of Seleucia, Salamis, Paphos? To 
whom did they preach first? 5; cf. 14; 14:1, etc. John's office? 5. 
What John? 13; 15:37, 38; 12:12. Paul's purpose with Bar- 
jesus? 6-12. cf. 5:3. Why change in Paul's name and relative 
position? 9; cf. 2, 7, 13, 43, etc. 

3. From Paphos to Antioch in Pisidia, 13-15. Trace 
the route. Why John's return? 13; cf. 15:38. 

G6 






4. Paul's Sermon at Antioch, 16-41. 

a. Historical hit, < eduction, 16-23. (1) God chose and exalted 
his people. (2) Delivered them from Egypt. (3) Gave them 
a land. (4) Gave them judges. (5) Gave them a king. (6) 
Removed him and raised up David. (7) From David came 
Jesus the Savior. 

b. Proofs that Jesus is the Savior, 24-37. (0 John's testi- 
mony. (2) Jesus' rejection, which fulfilled prophecy. (3) His 
resurrection, attested by eye witnesses and by prophecy. 

c. Conclusion, 38-4T . (1) Remission and justification offered 
through Christ. (2) A word of warning. Resemblance to 
Stephen's and to Peter's sermon. What contrast? What chro- 
nological difficulty in 20? cf. Gal. 3:17; 1 Kings 6:1; Jos. Ant. 
viii. 3:1; see Myer and McGarvey in loco. Whence forty years? 
21; cf. Jos. Ant, vi. 14:9. What contrast with the law? 39. 

5. Results of the First Sermon, 42, 43. On Gentiles? 
42. On Jews ? 43. What third class? 

6. Paul's Second Sermon and Results, 44-51. Charac- 
ter of audience? 44. Why envy of Jews? 45; cf. Luke 15:1, 2. 
What classes joined in the persecution? 50. 

68 



7. Events at Iconium, 14:1-6. Classes converted? 1. 
Source of faith? 1. Persecuting classes? 5. Who the instiga- 
tors? 4. 

8. Events at Lystra and Derbe, 7-21. Source of crip- 
ple's faith? 9. What shows a provincial population? 11. Why 
call Barnabas Jupiter? Who stoned Paul? 19. What witness of 
his sufferings? 

9. The Return to Antioch, 21:28. What the order of 
return? What additional services to each church? 22, 23; cf- 
Titus 1:5. What new preaching point? 25. 

II. INTERVAL BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND 
TOURS: XV. 1-29. 
1. Controversy on Circumcision, 1-29. 

a. . Origin of the question, I -5. How differ from issue raised 
about Cornelius? 5; cf. 11:3. Who carried it to Jerusalem? 2; 
cf. Gal. 2:1. Was it an appeal from decision of a church to de- 
cision of a council? To whom did they report? 4. 

b. Council of apostles and elders, 6-29. How many meetings? 
cf. 4-6; Gal. 2:2. Paul's reasons for going? 2; Gal. 2;2. Note 
order of speeches: 

70 



(i) Much disputing by — nobodies. (2) Speech of Peter: 
state his points. (3) Speeches of Barnabas and Paul. Why 
the old order of names? 12, 25; cf. 13:46, 2. Why refer to 
miracles? (4) Speech of James. How does it differ in character 
from the others? Why the specifications in 20? Point of 21. 
Who made the final decision? 22; cf. 25, 28. Why Judas and 
Silas sent? 

c. Return of Paul and Barnabas to Antioch, 30-35. The feel- 
ing at Antioch? Had the trouble originated with Antioch 
disciples? 1. Did Silas and Judas return to Jerusalem? 

d. [Visit and dissimulation of Peter, Gal. 2:11-14.] 

e. Quarrel of Paul and Barnabas, 36-39. Reasons for Paul's 
objections to Mark and Barnabas' preference? 38; cf. Col. 4:10. 
Why did Paul afterward change his opinion? cf. 2 Tim. 4:11. 

III. PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY TOUR: 

XV:40XVIII:22. 

1. Revisits Old Fields, 15:40-16:5. What change of 

companions? 40. Primary purpose af tour? 15:36, 41; 16:4, 5. 

When and by whom were churches in Syria and Cilicia planted? 

41; cf. 9:40; 11:19; Gal. i:2i. Fields of the first tour revisited? 

n 






1 6 : 1 . What known of Timothy's parentage and education? i; 
cf. i Tim. i:2; 2 Tim. 1:5; 3- x S- Why circumcise Timothy when 
he had refused to circumcise Titus? 3; cf. Gal. 5:2-4. 

2. New Fields in Asia Minor, 6-8. What new fruits? 
6; cf. 18:23; see also Epistle to Galatians. What limitations, 
how and why? 6, 7. 

3, Paul at Philippi, 9-40. What larger plans for Paul? 9. 
What connection with 6, 7? Who joined the company at Troas? 
How long the voyage? 11. Meaning of ''colony"? 12. 

a. Conversion of Lydia, 13-15. What implied in last clause 
of 12? What inference from place and character of meeting? 
13. How and in what sense did God open Lydia's heart? 14. 
Any infants baptized? 15; cf. 13, 40. 

b. Conversion of a Jailor. What a spirit of divination? 
16, 18. Why grieved with the maid's testimony? 18; cf. Mark 
1:34. What the real complaint of her masters? 19-21. Why 
the terms Jews and Romans? 20> 21, Motive of magistrates? 
22. Why the purposed suicide? 27. Why the question in 30? 
Were any infants baptized? 33; cf. 32* 34. Was the baptism in 
the prison? 30; or the house? '34, Why the message of the 

74 



magistrates? 35. Why Paul's refusal? 37. In what sense was 
he a Roman? 37; cf. 21:26-28. Who of Paul's company remained 
at Philippi? 40; cf, 16: 10; 17:1, 10. 

4. Paul at Thessalontca, 17:1-9. Why pass two cities 
to stop at Thessalonica ? I. What Paul's method with Jews? 
2, 3. Which class of converts more numerous ? 4. Why assault 
house of Jason ? 6, 7. Why the zeal for Caesar ? 7; cf. Luke 23:2; 
John 18: 12. Ground of accusation in 6? Any miracles? 
1 Thess. 1:5. How supported? 1 Thess. 2:9; Phil. 4:15, 16. 

5. Paul at Berea, 10-14. W T hy the night journey? 10; 
cf. 26:31. Force of "therefore" in 12? Was it the original plan 
to go to Athens? 15. Why leave Silas and Timothy behind? 14. 
Why to follow so soon? 15, 16. 

6. Paul at Athens, 16-34. 

a. First Work at Athene 16-21. Force of "full of idols"? 16. 
See C. & H. i. 357, 363. Describe classes and places in 17, 18. 
Point of charge in 18? On the Areopagus see C. & H. i. 346, 
354, 376. Did Timothy join him? 16; cf. 1 Thess. 3:1, 2. 

b. PauVs Sermon on Mars' Hill, 22-31. 

1. Introduction; Their Reverence, 22, 23. Meaning of 

76 



superstitious"? 22. How shown? 23. What his theme? Why 
thus introduced ? 

11. God's Relation to the Universe, 24-28. 

1. To material world, 24. What assumption, deduction and 
local allusion? 

2. To men, 25-28. What three main propositions? What 
inferences? What local allusion? 25. 

in. The Nature of God, 29. Inferred from what? 
What local allusion ? 

iv. Conclusion, 30, 31. Sense of overlooked? 30; cf. 
14:16. What motive to repentance? 30. Bearing of the 
resurrection of Jesus? 31; cf. 10:41, 42. Where find germs of 
this sermon? see 14:15-17. 

c. Results at Athens, 32:34. Why so meagre? cf. I Cor. 
1:21-23; 2:1-5. Why name Dtonysius and Damaris? 

7. Paul's Long Stay at Corinth, 18:1-17. 

a. First Labors, 1 -4. Differences between Athens and 
Corinth? See C. & H. i. 383. State of Paul's mind? 1 Cor. 2:1. 
Means of support? 3; cf, 1 Cor. 4:12. Trace Aquila's move- 
ments, 1. Was he a disciple? cf. 26. 

78 



b. Arrival of Silas and Timothy: Increased Labors, ^-l 1 /. 
Movements of Silas and Timothy? 5; cf. 17:15; 1 Thess. 3:1, 2. 
What change on Timothy's arrival and why? 5, 6; 1 Thess. 3:6, 
7. Name some converts at Corinth, 8; cf. 1 Cor. 1:14-16. Why 
the vision? 9, 10. Who was Gallio ? 13. What charge of the 
Jews? 13. What law and worship? Why the case dismissed? 

17. 

First Epistle to Thessalonians. 

1. Time and Place of Composition, cf. i:i; 3:6-8; Acts 
18:5. At Corinth on second tour, soon after Timothy's arrival, 
Cir. A. D. 53. 

2. General Analysis. 

a. Personal: Recalls past, 1. (1) While with them, 1-2; 16. 
(2) Since his departure, 2:17-3:13. 

b. Didactic and Hortatory, ch. 4-5.. 

3. Historical Items, (i) Siias and Timothy with him, 
i:i. (2) Had he worked miracles? 1:5. (3) Thessalonica a 
gospel center, 17, 8. (4) Majority had been idolaters, i:9;cf- 
Acts 18:1-4. (5) How was Paul supported? 2:9; cf. Phil. 4:16. 
(6) Had sought to visit them, 2:17, 18. (7) Why had he sent 

8J 






Timothy? 3:1,2,5. (8) Effect of Timothy's return? 3:6-8. (9) 
What warnings? 4:3, 6, 11, 12. (10) Troubled over Christ's 
second coming, 4:135:2. What is difficulty ? 4:13. (11) Was 
the church organized ? 5:12. (12) Were there spiritual gifts? 
4:19, 20. 

Second Epistle to Thessalonians. 

1. Time and Place. (i) Silas and Timothy still with 
him, i:i. (2) Did not leave Corinth with him, Acts 18:18. 
(3) Tenor of letter similar to 1 Thess. Probably written late 
in stay at Corinth. 

2. General Analysis. 

a. Consolations under Renewed Persecutions, ch. I. 

b. Instructions and Exhortations concerning the Second Coming of 
Christ, ch. 2. 

c. Closing Exhortations and Ins trice t ions, ch. 3. 

3. Historical Items, (i) Still persecuted but growing, 
1:3,4. (2) Still troubled over Christ's coming, 2:1-4. (3) Dis- 
orderly persons still among them, 3:6-15. (4) Meaning of 
tradition? 2:15; 3:5. (5) Token of Paul's epistbs? 3:17. Why 
mention it? cf. 2:2. 

32 






8. Paul's Return to Antioch, 18:18-22. Who accom- 
panied, and who remained? Whose vow? 18; cf. C. & H., i, 422. 
On vow see Num. 6:5, 18; ch. 21:24; 1 Cor 9:20. What hopeful 
feature at Ephesus? 20. Why not remain? Why leave Priscilla 
and Aquila? Did he visit Jerusalem? 21, 22. 

IV. PAUL'S THIRD MISSIONARY TOUR, 
XVIII:23-XX:26. 

1. Second Tour in Galatia and Phrygia, 18:23; cf. 
1 Cor. 16: 1 

2. Apollos at Ephesus, 24-28. Significance of his birth- 
place? See C. & H. i. 10-18, 37. What defects in his preaching 
and how corrected? 25, 26. What later notice of him? 27, 28; 
cf; 1 Cor. 1:12. 

3. Paul's Long Stay at Ephesus, 19:1-20:1. On Ephesus 
see C. & H. ii. 69-75. 

a. Rebaptiz.es T^velve Disciples, 1-7. Why his question? 2- 
cf. 6. Were such endowments universal in the church? cf. 
1 Cor. 12:4-13. Christian baptism differed from John's: It was 
(1) in name of Christ, 5; (2) connected with gift of Holy 
Spirit. 

84 



b. Preaches Three Months in the Synagogi/e, 8. 

c. Preaches Two Years in School of Tyr annus. Why the 
change? 9. What advantage ? 10. 

d. Conflict with Jewish Exorcists, 13-20. On exorcists see 
C. & H. ii. 21-25; Jos. Ant. viii. 2, 5. Implication of "showed 
their deeds"? 18. Why burn their books? 

e. Plans Further Journeys, 21-22. Last glimpse of Timothy? 
22; cf. 18:5. Who was Erastus? 22; cf Rom. 16:23. 

First Fpistle to the Corinthians. 

1. Time and Place of Composition. Cf. 16:1-12; Acts 
19:20; 20:1. (1) Had been in Galatia. (2) Was going through 
Macedonia to Greece. (3) Would tarry at Ephesus. (4) Be- 
cause of "open doors" and "many adversaries." Written at 
Ephesus after the conflict with exorcists and before the mob. 

2. Historical Items, (i) Church rich in spiritual gifts, 
1:4-7; I2:i-n, 28-31; 14:1-33. (2) Divided over leaders, 10-15; 
3:1-6. Were the persons named real leaders? 1: 12; cf. 4:6. 
(3) Tolerating fornication, 5:1-3; 6:15-20. (4) A previous letter 
on same subject, 5:9. (5) Lawsuits between brethren, 6:1-7. 
(6) They had written Paul on a question of marriage and di- 

86 



vorce, 7:1-17. Who brought their letter? I:ii; 16:17. (7) 
Question about heathen feasts, 8:1-13. What conclusion? 13. 
(8) Some denying Paul's apostleship, 9:1-6. (9) Perverting . 
the Lord's supper, 11:17-34. (10) Jealousy over spiritual gifts, 
12:21-31; 14:1-3; 18, 19, 23-25. (11) Some denying resurrection, 
15:12. Who? cf. 23:6-8. Why devote so much time to it? 
13-19. (12) Paul was making collection for the poor, 16:1-4. 

(13) Timothy's movements, 16:10, 11; cf. Acts 1 8 : 5 ; 19:22. 

(14) Apollos at Corinth (16:12), Aquila and Priscilla at 
Ephesus, 16:19. 

THE COLLECTION. 

1. Objects, Gal. 2:10; 24:17. (For earlier collection see 
Acts 11:27-30. (1) Relieve poor at Jerusalem. (2) Conciliate 
Jews and cement Jewish and Gentile Christians. 

2. Where collected, 1 Cor. 16:1; 2 Cor. chaps. 8, 9. 

3. Means, (1) Paul's personal appeals. (2) His letters. 
(3) Other agents, as Titus, 2 Cor. 8:6, 16, 17; 12: 18; and the 
"brother," 8:18, 19, 22, 23; 12:18. 

4. Motives, (1) Love to Christ, 2 Cor. 8:8. (2) Example 
of Christ, 2 Cor. 8:9. (3) Emulation, 9:1, 2. (4) Regard to his 

88 



feelings, 2 Cor. 9:2-4. (5) Hope of reward, 9:6-10. (6) Glorify 
God, 9:11-15. 

5. Practical Directions, (1) Lord's Day contribution, 
I Cor. 16:1. (2) Messengers to carry the gift, 1 Cor. 16:3, 4. 

f. Mob of silversmiths} 23-41. On temple of Diana see 
C. & H. vi. 73-77. Main motive of the silversmiths? 24-25, 27. 
What appeal to the populace? 27, 38. Object of the Jews? 33. 
Why Alexander not heard? 33, 34. State the arguments of the 
town clerk, 35-40. 

4. Paul's Second Tour in Macedonia and Greece, 
20:1-3. What stop on the way? cf. 1 Cor. 2:12, 13. What work 
in Macedonia? How far to the northwest did Paul probably 
go? Rom. 15:19. How long in Greece? 3. What change of 
plans? 3; cf. 19:21. 

Second Epistle to the Corinthians. 

1. Time and Place of Composition, (i) After the mob 
at Ephesus, 1:8-10. (2) After reaching Macedonia, 2:12, 13; 
7:5. (3) Before reaching Greece, Acts 20:1, 2. Probably 
written at Philippi. 

2. Historical Items, (i) Alludes to mob at Ephesus, 

90 



1:8, 9; cf. Acts 19:30. (2) An intended visit to Corinth, 1:15-17. 
Why not made? 1:23; 2:1, 2. (3) The case of incest, 2:4-11; 
7:4-16. What change in Paul's feelings, and why? (4) Why 
Paul's disappointment at Troas?2:i2, 13; cf. 7:5-7. (5) Progress 
of the collection, chs. 8, 9. (6) Defends his apostleship, chs. 
10-12. Grounds of attack? 10:10; 11:7, 8. What the signs of 
his apostleship? (7) Means ot support at Corinth, 11:7-12. 
How agree with Acts? 18:3; cf. 1 1:9; Acts 18:5. (8) Paul's 
previous sufferings, 11:24-33. How many of them recorded in 
Acts? 

Epistle to the Galatians. 

1. Time and Place of Composition, (i) Soon after 
leaving them. (2) Was over two years at Ephesus. (3) Spent 
three months at Corinth. (4) Written at Ephesus or Corinth. 
The "so soon" (1:6) favors Ephesus; striking similarities to 
Romans favors Corinth. 

2. Historical Items, (i) Galatians being perverted, 
1:6-9. Nature of the perversion? 3:1-3; 4:21; 5:1-4. Who the 
perverters? 6:12-13; cf. Acts 1.5:1. (2) How Paul learned the 
gospel, i*: i, 11, 12, 15-20. Why insist on it? (3) Paul's sojourn 

92 



in Arabia, and return to Damascus, 1:17. Why state the fact? 
(4) His visits to Jerusalem, 1:18, 19; 2:1-9. Why refer to these 
visits here? Which visit referred to in Acts 15:1 ? From what 
event does he reckon in 1:18 and 2:1? Why mention Titus ? 
2 ^3-5 (5) P au l rebukes Peter, 2:ii. Ground of it? 12. Who 
else involved? 13. (6) Paul's physical infirmity, 4:13, 14; cf. 
2 Cor. 12:7-9; ch. 4:15. (7) Paul his own secretary, 6:1 1. 
Epistle to the Romans. 

1. Time and Place of Composition. Going to Jerusalem 
with contributions, 15:25, 26; cf. 20:3; 2 4- l 7- Gaius his host, 
16:23; cf. 1 Cor. 1:14. Written at Corinth on third tour. 

2. Historical Items, (i) Their faith famous, 1:8; 16:19. 
(2) Paul's purpose to visit them, 1:9-15; 15:23, 24, 32; cf. Acts 
19:21; 23:11. What further plans? (3) Further account of 
Priscilla and Aquila, 16:3, 4. Trace their movements, Acts 
18:1, 18, 24-26; 1 Cor. 16:19; Rom. 16:3. What service to Paul? 
16:4. Why dare return to Rome? (4) Large number of 
eminent members, 16:5-15. (5) Paul fears for his visit to 
Jerusalem, 15:30-32. Why? (6) Paul's companions at Corinth, 
16:21-23. Which his secretary ? 16:22. Who were his kinsmen 

94 



at Rome? 16:7, ii, 13. At Corinth? 16:21. Who bore the 
epistles? 16: 1, 2. 

Note. — The earlier epistles of Paul fall into pairs: 1. I. and II. 
Thessalonians, written at Corinth; leading- theme, Second coming of 
Christ. 

2. I. and II. Corinthians, just before and soon after leaving 
Ephesus, Abuses in the Church at Corinth. 

3. Galatians and Romans, at Corinth, Principle of Justification. 

5. The Return Trip to Jerusalem, 20:4-21:16. 

a. Last Days in Macedonia, 20:4-6a. Who his companions? 4. 
What city did Paul re-visit? 6. Who joined him there? 6. 
How long the voyage to Troas? 6; cf. Acts 16: 11. 

b. A Week at Troas, 6b-l2. Why so many days? 7. What 
inference as to Lord's Supper? 

c. The Journey to Miletus, 13-16. Trace movements of Paul 
and of his company? Why pass by Ephesus? 

d. Address to Ephesian Bishops, 17:38. 

I. Reviews his Three Years' Ministry, 18-21. 1. The spirit 
of it, (1) Humble, (2) Faithful, (3) Diligent. 2. The 
theme of it, (1) Repentance toward God, (2) Faith toward 
Christ. 

II. Forecasts his Future, 22-27. 1. Going to Jerusalem, 

96 



2. Shadows of impending imprisonment. 3. An immovable 
purpose. 4. A sorrowful expectation. 5. An appeal to his 
record. . 

in. Future of Ephesian Church, 28-35. l - Duties of the 
Bishops. 2. Perils ahead. 3. Exhortation based on example. 
4. Apostolic benediction. 5. Unselfish service and divine 
example. 

iv. A Sorrowful Farewell, 36-38. 

e. The Voyage from Miletus to Ccesarea, 21:1-80. What 
change of ship? Which side of Cyprus? 3. Why so solemn 
parting at Tyre? 5; cf. 4. Origin of churches at Tyre and 
Ptolemais? 7; cf. 11:19. 

f. The Sojourn at Caesarea, 8b-l6. Which Philip? 8; cf. 
6:5; 8:49. Meaning of "prophesy?" 9. On Agabus, 10, 11 ; cf. 
11:27, 28. Why Paul so determined? Why "will of the Lord?" 

g. Fai V s Reception at Jerusalem, 15-26. What important 
"baggage?" 15. Who Paul's host? What James and what his 
office? 18; cf. Gal. 1:19; 2:9, 12; ch. 15:13, 19. Were Paul's 
alms accepted? What class to be conciliated? 20. What 
ground of hostility? 21. Was charge true? Gal. 5:4; cf. ch. 



1 5:1 1. Did Paul's course exceed the limits of wise expediency? 
cf. I Cor. 9:19-22. Did it succeed? 

V. PAUL'S IMPRISONMENT AT JERUSALEM, 
XXI:27-XXIII:30. 

1. Mobbed by Jews, 21:27-30. What class of Jews? 27. 
Were charges true? 28, 29; cf. 24:12, 13. 

2. Arrested by Roman Captain, 31-46. Difference be- 
tween "captains" of 31 and centurions of 32? Why bind Paul? 
33; cf. 38. Why the surprise? 37. On the ' Egyptian" see Jos. 
Ant. xx. 8:6; Wars ii. 13, 5. Why different languages? cf. 37, 
40; 22:2. 

3. Addresses the Mob on the Stairs, 22:1-21. 

a. Natural Affiliation with Them, 1-5. (1) A Jew by blood. 
(2) Foreign born, yet, (3) Educated at Jerusalem. (4) A 
fierce persecutor of Christians. 

b. Reason for Change — His Conversion, 6- 1 6. Why the particu- 
lars in 12? Why omit mission to Gentiles in this section? cf. 14, 
15; 26:16-18. 

c. His Mission to the Gentiles, 17-2 1. Where else related? 18, 
21; cf. 9:28-30. 

100 



4. Results of Paul's Speech, 22-29. What the of- 
fensive word? 23; cf. 21. Object of binding? 25; cf. 24. What 
different ways of obtaining Roman citizenship? See McGarvey, 
ii. 221, note. 

5. Paul Before the Council, 22:39-23:10. At whose 
desire? 22:30. Meaning of good conscience? 23:1; cf. 26:9. 
Was Paul's retort justifiable? 3; cf. Mark 3:5; Matt. 23:13-33; ch. 
13:8-11; Eph. 4:26. Was Paul's purpose honorable in 6? 

6. Paul's Vision in the Castle, ii. Purpose of vision? 
cf. 19:21. Rom. 15:22-24; 30-32. Did the foreknowledge make 
human precaution unnecessary? cf. 17. 

7. A Conspiracy Against Paul, 12-22. How many 
parties to the plot? 12-15. Why did Paul not tell the captain? 
17. What inferences from 19, 22? 

8. Paul Sent to Gesarea, 23-35. Distance to Caesarea? 
What courses open to Lysias? Does his letter color any part 
of the affair? Why send the soldiers back? 32. Why the 
question in 34? On Caesarea cf. Jos. Ant. xv. 9, 6. C. & H. ii. 
279-252. 

302 



VI. PAUL'S IMPRISONMENT AT OESAREA, 
XXR XXVI. 

i. Paul's Trial Before Felix, 24:1-23. On Felix see 
Jos. Ant. xx:7, 1. 

a. The Prosecution, 1 -9. /Vho the accusers? 1, 9. What 
charges, general and specific? ; , 6. What proofs? 

b. Paul's Defence, 10-23. Compare Paul's introduction 
with Tertullus' 2-4, 10. Hov make the twelve days? 11; cf. 
21:15, 17, 18, 27; 23:31, 32; 24: . Which charge denied? 12, 18. 
Which confessed? 14. Why emphasize the resurrection? 15, 21; 
23:6. What Felix's present de ision and on what based? 22, 23. 

2. Paul's Sermon Before Felix and Drusilla, 24-27. 
On Drusilla see Jos. Ant. xviii. 5, 4; xx. 7, 1, 2. Object of 
Drusilla? What phase of the faith presented, and why? 25. 
How harmonize Felix's terror with 26? On succession of 
Festus see Jos. Ant. xx. 8, 9. 

3. Paul's Trial Before Festus, 25:1-12. Why go to 
Jerusalem? 1. Why keep Paul at Caesarea? 3, 4. How reconcile 
4 with 9? Why appeal to Csesar? 10. Who had the right of 
appeal to Caesar? 10, 12, 21, 25. Effect of appeal? 

104 



4- Paul Before Agrippa, 25:13-26:32. 

a. Arrival of Agrippa and Bernice, 13. Who were they? 
See Jos. Ant. xix 9; xx. 7; C. & H. ii. 272. Purpose of their visit? 

b. Paufs Case Stated to Agrippa, 14-22. Why Agrippa's 
interest in the case? 18, 19, 22; cf. 26;i, 2. Meaning of religious?- 
19; cf. 17:22. 

c. The Audience, 23-27. How compare with that on Mars' 
Hill? 23; cf. 17:18, 19, Why state the case again? 

d. PauVs Defence, 26:1-29. 

I. Introduction, 1-3. What gesture? i;cf. 13:16; 21:40; 29. 
Where the emphasis in 2, and why? cf. 3. 

II. The Charges Inconsistent, 4-7. (1) He was a Jew, 4; 
(2) and a Pharisee, 5; (3) believed the promises, 6; (4) which 
Jews believed. 

in. His Course was Directed by God, 8-22a. (1) Had 
been prejudiced against Jesus, 9-1 1. (2) Had seen the glorified 
Jesus, 12-15. (3) Had been sent by Him to the Gentiles, i6-22a. 

iv. Proofs from Prophecy, 22b, 23. (1) The Christ to 
suffer, (2) to rise from the dead, (3) to be the light of the 
people (Jews) and the Gentiles. 

106 



v. Double Interruption and Conclusion, 24:29. Why 
Festus' opinion? 24; cf. 17:22. At whom is Paul aiming? 26. 
What point the climax? 27; cf. 22, 23. Was Agrippa's remark 
ironical? 28. How did Paul treat it? 29. Difference between 
Agrippa's interruption and that of Festus? 

d. The Conference and Decision, 30-32. Why did Paul not 
continue his speech? What impression had he made? To 
what was Paul's protection due: 3 32; cf. 25:9, 10; 24:27; 22:24-29. 
VII. PAUL'S VOYAGE TO ROME, XVII:i-XVIII:i6a. 

1. The Run to Fair Havens, 27:1-8. Who the company? 
1, 2; cf. 37. What ship? What points touched? 3, 5. What 
events at each ? Which side of Cyprus, and why? 4; cf. 21:3. 
What change of direction at Cnidus? 

2. The Run to Melita, 9-44. 

a. Discussion about Continuing the Voyage, 9-12. Why reference 
to the fast? 9. Why Paul's judgment? 10. W 7 hy leave Fair 
Havens? 12. 

b. The Storm, 13-20. Direction of the wind? What 
danger? 17. What expedients for safety? 

c. Helpful Services of Paul, 21-38. The source ot Paul's 

.108 



help? 22, 23, 25. How reconcile 22 with 10? What indications 
of land? 27,28. What unusual -mode of anchoring? 29. What 
Paul's second service? 31. His third service? 34,35. Why 
lighten the ship again? 

d. The Wreck and Escape, 39-44. What change in sail, and 
why? 40; cf. 17. Why beach the ship? What new evidence of 
Paul's influence? 42, 43. 

3. The Winter In Melita, 28:i-na. On site of wreck 
see C. & H. ii. 341-343. Meaning of barbarians? 2. What 
Paul's further service? 3. What prophecy fulfilled? 5, cf. Mark 
16:18; Luke 10:19. What opinion of him? 4, 6; cf. 14:11, 19 
How did Paul repay the kindness of the Maltese ? 8, 9. What 
return did they make? 10 

4. Completion of the Sea Voyage, ub-13. How many 
different ships from Ca:sarea to Puteoli? What points touched 
after leaving Melita? On Puteoli see C. & H. ii. 351-353. 

5. Completion of the Journey, 14-16. Why the sojourn 
at Puteoli? 14. How did the Roman brethren learn of Paul's 
approach ? 15. Over what road did they travel? See C. & H. 
ii. 354-362. What disposition was made of Paul? 16. 

HO 



6. Paul's Prison Labors at Rome, 17-31. 

a. First Interview with the Jews, 17-22. Had he met the 
disciples? 17.. How did Paul account for his imprisonment? 
17-20. How account for their ignorance of Paul? 21; cf. 22. 

b. Second Interview with the Jews, 23-29. Character of his 
discourse? 23; cf. 17:2, 3, etc. Point of the quotation in 26, 27, 
and the remark in 28 ? 

c. Two Years' Prison Preaching, 30, 31. What co-workers? 
cf. Eph. 6:22; Phil. i:i; 2:25-30; Col. 4:9, io, 11-14; Philemon 
23, 24. What fruits? Phil. 1:12-18; 4:22. How supported? 
ch. 28:30; cf. Phil. 4:14-18. Why the abrupt termination of 
Acts? What inference as to time of composition? 

d. Writes Ephesians, Colossians and Philemon. Evidence: 
(1) Tychicus carried Ephesians and Colossians, Eph. 6:2 1, 22; 
Col. 4:7, 8. (2) Onesimus carried Philemon, 10-12. (3) The 
two traveled together, Col. 4:9. (4) Surrounded by same com- 
panions, Col. 4:10-14; Philem. 23, 24. (5) A prisoner, Eph. 
3:1 ; 4:1; Col. 4:18; Philem. 1. (6) Only long imprisonment 
at Cdesirea and Rome. From Ca^sarea went to Rome; now 
expecting to be released and to visit Philemon, 22. 

112 



e. Historical Items in the Three Epistles. ( I ) Paul desired 
opportunity and boldness, Eph. 6:19, 20; Col. 4:2-4. (2) History 
of Onesimus, Philem. 10-9. Philemon's home? 2; cf. Col. 4:17. 
(3) Facts about Mark? Col. 4:10; cf. Acts 15:37. (4) A lost 
epistle, Col. 4:15, 16. Which epistle no personal salutations 
and why? 

f. Writes Philippians. Evidence; Paul a prisoner at Rome, 
1:12-14; 4:22. Written before or after Ephesians and Colossians? 
cf. Eph. 6:18-20; Col. 4:3; Phil. 1:12-14; 4:22. How reach the 
praetorian guard? 1:13; cf. Acts 28:16. 

g. Historical Items in Fhilippians. (1) Epistle of love and 
joy. 1:3-5.7.8,25,26; 2:1,2,17,18; 3:1; 4:1, 4, 9. (2) Two 
classes of officers at Philippi, i:i. (3) His bonds had furthered 
the cause; how and where? 1:12-18. (4) His case undecided 
but critical, 1:20, 23; 2:23. (5) Hoping to be released and to 
visit Philippi, 1:25, 26; 2:24. (6) Expects to send Timothy to 
Philippi, 2:19-23. (7) Write a history of Epaphroditus from 
2:25-30. (8) They had ministered to Paul three times, 4:10-18. 

Epistle to the Hebrews. 
i. Characteristics. 

114 






1. Not addressed to particular person Or congregation. 

2. Author's name not given. 

3. Begins and proceeds like a treatise.. 

4. Epistolary traits in ch. 13. 

II. Authorship. 

1. In early centuries ascribed to (1) Paul, (2) Luke, 
(3) Barnabas, (4) Clement. 

2. Church of Rome (1) once denied, (2) now maintains 
Paul's authorship. 

3. Reformers: (1) Luther ascribed it to Apollos, (2) 
Calvin to a disciple of Apollos. 

4. In favor of Pauline authorship. (1) Written from Italy, 
13:24. (2) By an associate of Timothy, 13:23. (3) Writer 
under restraint but hoping for release, 13:18, 19, 23. (4) Drift 
of argument is Pauline. 

5. Against Pauline authorship. (1) Style more rhetorical. 
(2) Author received gospel at second hand, 2:4; cf. Gal. i:ii-20. 
On use of "we" see 2:i; 4:1; 6:1. (3) An Alexandrian hue, 
i. e. allegorical. But cf. 1 Cor. 10:1-12; Gal. 4:19-31. 

III. Persons Addressed. 

116 



I. Had suffered for the faith and aided the writer and 
others; 6:10; 10:32-34. 

2. Now on verge of apostasy, 2:1-3; 3:12; 5:11; 6:4-9; 
10:23-39; 12:25. 

3. Had been disciples a long time, 5:12. 

4. Had been associated with the writer, 13:19. 

5. Timothy about to visit them, 13:23. 

6. Were accustomed to Jewish ritual. See whole epistle. 

7. Were familiar with lxx. Hence, some body of Jewish 
Christians in danger of going back to Judaism. Either Pales- 
tinian or Alexandrian Jews. In favor of latter, (1) Were liberal 
benefactors, 6:10; former were recipients of bounty. (2) Had 
not resisted unto blood, 12-3, 4; former furnished many early 
martyrs. (3) Style of reasoning better fits Alexandrian culture. 

iv. Date. 

Evidently written while the temple was standing and its 
services going on. 

v. Analysis. 

1. Argumentative, I-I0:i8. Jews urged three points in 
which Judaism was superior to Christianity. 

118 



a. Angel argument; answered in chaps. I, 2. (i) Jesus 
higher than angels, yet, (2) a man, and able to sympathize. 

b. Moses argument; answered in chaps. 3-4:13. (1) Moses 
a servant in the house, (2) Jesus a son over the house, (3) 
Jesus a builder of the house. 

c. Priesthood argument, 4:14-10:18. (1) Exhortation, 
based on anticipated argument, 4:14-16. (2) Character of Jesus' 
priesthood, 5:1-9. (3) Superiority to Levitical priesthood, 
5:10-7:28. {a) Order of Melchizedek. (/;) Priest by oath. 
(V) Hortatory digression, 5:11-6:20. (4) Superiority of sanctuary 
in which, covenant under which, and sacj-ifice with which, Christ 
ministers, 8-10:18. 

PAUL'S LATER HISTORY. 

1. Release from First Roman Imprisonment. 
Implied, (1) In ' his expectation, Phil. 1:25, 26; 2:24; 

Philem. 22. (2) In incidents that do not fit into his earlier 
life. See epistles to Timothy and Titus. (3) Accords with 
universal early tradition. See C. & H. ii. 437-439. 

2. Historical Items in I. Timothy. 

a. Paul Revisits Ephesus and Macedonia, 1:3. (1) Not the 

120 



long stay of Acts 19. Cf. Acts 19:22; 20:1; 1 Tim. 1:3. (2) 
How reconcile this visit with Acts 20:35? (3) Purpose in 
visiting Macedonia? cf. Phil. 2:19-24. (4) Place and purpose of 
the epistle? 1:3; 3:15. (5) Further plans? 3:14. (6) Did he 
visit Philemon? Philem. 22. 

b. Unsafe Teachers at Ephesus, 1:3-7; 6:20, 21; cf. Acts 
20:29, 30. 

c. Elders to be Compensated, 5:17, 1 8. What distinction in 
elders? 

d. State of Timothy s Ilealth, 5^ 2 3- 

3. Historical Items in Titus. 

a. Visits Crete and Leaves Titz/s, 1:5. State of Cretans and 
mission of Titus? 1:5-13. 

b. Goes to Nicopolis, and on the way writes Titus, 3:12. Where 
Titustogo? Who to take his place ? Who to go with him? 3:13. 

4. Second Roman Imprisonment, (i) Writes II. Timothy, 
1:8, 16, 17; 2:8, 9. (2) Deserted in Asia, 1:15. What exception? 
1:16-18. (3) Expecting martyrdom, 4:6, 8. (4) Movements 
of companions? 4:9-13. Was Timothy at Thessalonica, 4:10, or 
Ephesus, 12, or Troas, 13, or Corinth, 20, or Miletus, 20? (5) 

122 



Experience at first trial? 4:16, 17. (6) Last glimpse of old 
friends, 4:19, 20. Paul probably beheaded in last year of Nero, 
A. D. 68. Why not crucified ? 

PETER'S LATER HISTORY. 

1. Last Seen in Acts, 15:7. 

2. Latest Connection with Paul, Gal. 2:11. 

3. Writes First Peter. 

a. From "Babylon," 5:13; literal or symbolical? 

b. To Churches in Asia Minor, I: I. Jewish or Gentile? cf. 
1: 14, 21; 2:10; 3:6; 4:3. Sense of ''dispersion?" 1: 1. Written after 
Paul's second tour. 

c. Historical Items. (1) Churches persecuted, 2:12; 3:13, 
14; 4:12-19. (2) Epistle sent by Sylvanus (Silas) 5:12. Last 
previous reference, Acts 18:5; 1 Thess. i:i;2 Thess. 1:1. (3) 
Mark mentioned, 5:13. Peter's "son." Trace his movements 
in Acts 15:39; Col. 4:10; 2 Tim. 4:11. With Peter between 
Paul's two imprisonments. 

4. Writes Second Peter. 

a. To Same Churches, 3:1. 

b. Historical Items. ( 1 ) Expecting martyrdom ; 1:13-15; cf . 

124 



John 21:13-15. (2) Alludes to transfiguration, 1: 16-18. (3) 
Familiar with Paul's Epistles, 3:15, 16. What indication bear- 
ing on date? 

5. Peter's Death. Early tradition that under Nero he 
was crucified at Rome, head downward. 

JAMES' LATEU HISTORY. 

1. James, Brother of John, killed by Herod, Acts 12:3. 

2. James, Brother of our Lord. 

a. Prominence at Jerusalem, Acts 1 5 : x 3 i Gal. 1:19. 

b. Last Bible Reference, Acts 21: 18. 

c. Traditions of His Death. (1) Stoned by Sadducees, A. 
D. 62; Jos. Ant. xx. 9, 1. (2) Thrown from pinnacle of temple 
by Pharisees, A. D. 69; Euseb., Ecc. History ii. 23. 

3. Epistle of James, (i) Which James? i:i. Opinions 
differ. Probably the second. (2) Persons addressed, i:i. Be- 
lievers or unbelievers? 1:18; 2:1 ; 47, 8. 

EPISTLE OF JUDAS. 

1. What Judas? i, 17; cf. Mark 6:3; Luke 6: 16; Acts 1:13. 
Probably not an apostle but brother of the James in Mark 6:3. 

2. Indication of Date, 4:17, 18. 

126 



JOHN'S LATER HISTORY. 

1. Drops out of Acts at 8:14, 25. 

2. Later Allusion by Paul, Gal. 2:9. 

3. His Writings. 

a. Fourth Gospel . 

b. Revelation, i: 1, 2, 4, 9. (1) Date according to Irenaeus 
A. D. 96. (2) Place, 1:9. Why there? (3) Day of week? 
1:10. (4) Churches addressed and location? 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 

7, 14- 

c. Three Epistles. 



i?g 



LITERATURE CONSULTED. 



Clark, Harmonic Arrangement of Acts. 

Coneybeare and Howson. Life and Epistles of St. Paul. 

Farrar, The Story of St. Paul. Early Days of Christianity. 

Jacobus, Notes on Acts. 

Hinsdale, The Jewish Christian Church. 

Hurlbut, Manual of Bible History and Geography. 

Lange, The Several Volumes of his Commentary on Acts 
and the Epistles. 

Myer, Commentaries. 

McGarvey, Commentary on Acts. Class Book on Acts. 
Lands of the Bible. 

McClintock and Strong, Encyclopedia. 

Mander, Planting and Training of the Apostolic Church. 

Pulpit Commentary. 

Paley, Horae Paulinas. 

Renan, Saint Paul. 

Smith, New Testament History. 

Bible Dictionary. 

Schaff, History of the Apostolic Church. 

Schaff-Hertzog. Encyclopedia. 

Stalker, Life of St Paul. 

Stifler, An Introduction to the Study of Acts. 

W. M. Taylor, Paul the Missionary. 

Thompson, The Land and the Book. 

Zollars, The Holy Day and the Sacred Book. 






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